Which statement best distinguishes anatomy from physiology?

• A. Anatomy studies structure; physiology studies function.
• B. Anatomy studies function; physiology studies structure.
• C. Anatomy studies cells; physiology studies organs.
• D. Anatomy studies disease; physiology studies treatment.

Answer: (A)

Understanding the tie between form and function helps make sense of the difference. Anatomy focuses on structure—what parts exist, their shapes, where they are, and how they’re arranged. Physiology focuses on function—how those parts work, how they perform their tasks, and how they interact to keep the body alive. That’s why describing anatomy as the study of structure and physiology as the study of function is the most accurate distinction. For example, knowing the heart’s anatomy tells you about its chambers and valves, while its physiology explains how it contracts, how electrical signals coordinate each beat, and how blood is pumped through the body. The fields are connected—structure enables function, and function helps explain why structures are built the way they are. The other statements misrepresent the scope: anatomy is not defined by function, nor limited to cells, and physiology isn’t about treatment; those areas belong to other branches like pathology or medicine.